WISDOM, KNOWLEDGE AND POWER
*KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING, AND WISDOM*
Bryan writes: Imagine you will be running a half marathon and you know you must stay hydrated to finish the race. A piece of knowledge would be collecting the information that a half marathon cross country race is 13.1094 miles long. Another bit of knowledge would be to find out how many hydrating stations will or will not be present along the way.
Understanding comes into play as you are working out how to stay hydrated along the way. Based on the knowledge of how often hydrating stations are available, understanding would compel you to figure out how you are going to pack and carry enough water for the race to stay hydrated in light of how many stations exist or don’t exist along the way. In addition, if there are hydration stations along the way, understanding will figure out how often or when you will stop to hydrate. Do you use a combination of available stations as well as the water you decide to carry?
Wisdom would move on from understanding to actually training in similar conditions prior to the race to know how much water you will carry and will need to drink. Wisdom would apply and test its understanding to know at what mileage the hydrating stations will be present so you can stay hydrated, as well as having a topped off supply throughout the race.
Hopefully, this illustrates the difference between these three areas and how they work in unity to provide the end solution in a practical way.
*KNOWLEDGE* *Knowledge* is the accumulation of facts and data through studying, research, investigation, observation and even experiences. It’s being aware of something and having the details to know. People with “knowledge” are able to collect, remember, and access information. It is possible to have the knowledge, but unfortunately, have a complete lack of understanding and wisdom.
The Hebrew word for knowledge is דעת (da’at), which is derived from the parent root דע (da). The name of the Hebrew letter ד is dalet, from the Hebrew word דלת (delet) meaning “door.” This letter was originally written as in the ancient pictographic script and is a picture of the tent door. Each Hebrew letter has more than one meaning, and this letter can also mean back and forth or in and out movement as the door is used for moving in and out of the tent. The name of the Hebrew letter ע is ayin, from the Hebrew word עין (ayin) meaning “eye.” This letter was originally written as in the ancient pictographic script and is a picture of an eye. When these two letters are combined, the Hebrew parent root דע (dea), is formed, meaning “the back and forth movement of the eye.” When something is carefully examined, one moves the eye back and forth to take in the whole of what is being examined. In the Ancient Hebrew mind, this careful examination is understood as knowledge and experience on an intimate level.
An illustration:
Job 37:16-- Do you know (yada) the balancings of the clouds, the wonderous works of complete knowledge (dea)?
The verb ידה (Y.D.H) is derived out of this parent root and carries this same meaning of an intimate knowledge. This verb is commonly used in reference to the marital relations of a husband and wife (e.g Genesis 4:! And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain... Genesis 4:1)
Do you know God? Not in the casual sense of awareness, as implied in the English sense of knowledge, but in a close and intimate relationship? Read Psalm 9:11; 44:21; 1 John 2:3. All these talk about YADA, intimate union.
Also derived from the parent root דע (da) is the noun דעת (DA’AT), meaning “KNOWLEDGE.” The Hebrew word for knowledge is דעת (da’at), a noun derived from the verb ידע (yada) meaning “to know.” The idea of “knowing” in Ancient Hebrew thought is similar to our understanding of knowing but is more personal and intimate. We may say that we “know” someone but simply mean we “know” of his or her existence but, in Hebrew thought one can only “know” someone if they have a personal and intimate relationship.
*GREEK WORD AND MEANING OF KNOWLEDGE*
η γνώση (i gnósi)
γνώση (knowledge, cognition, awareness, learning, cognizance, sense)
γνώσεις (knowledge, lore)
*Greek Verbs for Know*
First, GINOSKO: signifies “to be taking in knowledge, to come, recognize, understand, or ”understand completely,” e.g.,…1 John 2:5, 4:2,6(twice), 7, 13; 5:2,20; in its past tenses it frequently means “to know in the sense of realizing;” the aorist or point tense usually indicating definiteness,… In the New Testament, ginosko frequently indicates a relation between the person “knowing” and the object known; in this respect, what is “known” is of value or importance to the one who knows, and hence the establishment of the relationship, e.g., especially of God’s “knowledge,” 1 Cor. 8:3, “if any man love God, the same is known of Him”; Gal. 4:9,”to be known of God”; here the “knowing “ suggests approval and bears the meaning “to be approved”; … The same idea of appreciation as well as “knowledge” underlies several statements concerning the “knowledge” of God and His truth on the part of believers, e. g. ,…1 John 2:3,13,14; 4:6,8,16; 5:20; such “knowledge” is obtained, not by mere intellectual activity, but by operation of the Holy Spirit consequent upon acceptance of Christ…”
Second, OIDA: “from the same root as eidon, “to see, “ is a perfect tense with a present meaning, signifying, primarily, “to have seen or perceived”; hence, “to know, to have knowledge of,” whether absolutely, as in divine knowledge,…or in the case of human “knowledge,” to know from observation, … The differences between ginosko and oida demand consideration: (a) ginosko, frequently suggests inception or progress in “knowledge,” while oida suggests fullness of “knowledge,”…(b) while ginosko frequently implies an active relation between the one who “knows” and the person or thing “known” … oida expresses the fact that the object has simply come within the scope of the “knower’s “ perception;…”
Third, EPIGINOSKO: “denotes (a) “to observe, fully perceive, notice attentively, discern, recognize” (epi, “ upon,” and ginosko).; it suggests generally a directive, a more special, recognition of the object “known” than does ginosko; it also may suggest advanced “knowledge” or special appreciation; …J. Armitage Robinson (on Ephesians) points out that epignosis is “knowledge directed towards a particular object, perceiving, discerning,” whereas gnosis is knowledge in the abstract.”
Fourth, PROGINOSKO: “to know beforehand,” is used (a) of the divine “foreknowledge” concerning believers, …(b) of human previous “knowledge,” of a person …”
Fifth, EPISTAMAI: “‘to know, know of, understand” (probably an old middle voice form of ephistemi,”to set over”)…”
Sixth, SUNOIDA: “sun, “with,” and oida, a perfect tense with a present meaning, denotes (a) “to share the knowledge of , be privy to,” …(b) “to be conscious of, “ especially of guilty consciousness,…”
Sixth, agnoeo: “‘not to know, to be ignorant”’
Seventh, GNORIZO: “signifies (a) “to come to know, discover, know,” …(b) “to make known,” whether(1) communicating things before “unknown,” …(2)reasserting things already “known,”…”
*Greek Nouns for Know*
First, GNOSIS: “primarily “a seeking to know, an enquiry, investigation” …denotes, in the NT, “knowledge,” especially of spiritual truth; …”
Second, EPIGNOSIS: “denotes “exact or full knowledge, discernment, recognition,” and is a strengthened for of gnosis, expressing a fuller or a full “knowledge,” a greater participation by the “knower” in the object “known,” thus more powerfully influencing him. It is not found in the Gospels and Acts. Paul uses it 15 times… out of the 20 occurrences;…”
agnosia: “the negative of gnosis, “ignorance, “ is rendered “no knowledge” …”
*UNDERSTANDING* *Understanding* is the capability and capacity to discern and make decisions about which aspects of the knowledge they have collected are true. Understanding is the ability to translate meaning from facts and to apply it. People with “understanding” are able to extract meaning out of information. Understanding is like a camera lens that brings the facts into focus and enables someone to produce principles.
The Hebrew word for understanding is תבון (tavun). It comes from the verbal root בין (biyn) meaning to “understand”. But the deeper meaning of this word can be found in a related verbal root - בנה (banah) which means to “build.” In order to build or construct something one must have the ability to plan and understand the processes needed. This is the idea behind the verb בין (biyn) and its derivative noun תבון (tavun), to be able to discern the processes of construction.
The Greek word for UNDERSTANDING is ΚΑΤΑΝΟΗΣΗ
As κατανόηση, it means understanding, comprehension.
As αντίληψη, it means perception, conception, understanding, notion, comprehension, realization
As συνεννόηση, it means understanding, concert, communication, collusion, entente, connivance
*WISDOM*
*Wisdom* is the understanding of the facts and principles and then providing the application as to what to do next. Wisdom is also being able to learn from past experiences and thus gain understanding of something. With this gained wisdom, they can choose not to make the same mistakes over and over again. Wisdom allows someone to evaluate what’s right, true and lasting. People that gain “wisdom” know what concepts or truths to apply in a given situation.
Those with wisdom know what actions to take next. They do the right thing in the given situation. In contrast, there are many who have great knowledge and understanding, but who consistently apply what they know wrongly. In other words, they may have the right information, but lack the wisdom to apply what they know!
The original word for Greek Lexicon of Wisdom is Sofia, transliterated Sophia, and pronounced sof-ee'-ah. Wisdom is an extremely important word in the Bible. Solomon speaks often of it. We see it in the New Testament. We learn in James 1:5 that if we lack wisdom we only need to ask of God and He will give it. Yet, we really spend little time analyzing this word and what it meant in an ancient Semitic culture.
Wisdom in a Biblical sense is so very much more than wisdom as defined in our English language. To us wisdom is simply knowledge, information and understanding. Yet, to the writers of the Bible wisdom was a relationship word.
It should be noted that WISDOM is feminine noun (Wisdom is female). For instance, Proverbs 8:1 says: “Does not wisdom call and understanding lift up her voice?”
Why is wisdom considered feminine? You can speculate as well as I can. Perhaps it has something to do with the fact that women are considered more spiritual than men. Or maybe it has to do with the fact that a woman is the one who gives birth to a new life and it is wisdom that gives birth to new ideas and insights in the spirit realm. Yet, many rabbis feel that it is because this is a wisdom that comes from an intimacy and knowing one’s heart as a wife is intimate with her husband and in that intimacy she knows and understand his heart as he does her heart.
*HEBREW WORD FOR WISDOM IS HOKMAH*
HAKAM means wise, sage, fit, skilled, experienced. HOKMAH means wisdom, skill, aptitude. HOKMOT means wisdom. The parent root חם (hham), meaning “heat,” is the root of the word חכם (hhakham) which means “wisdom.”
The Hebrew word for wisdom HOKMAH is used in the Old Testament to refer to ‘knowledge coupled with an inner quality that embodies a heart and life in conformity with the purposes and character of God’, Prov. 1. 2-6. Wisdom is not simply a theoretical concept or an intellectual pursuit, but underpins an individual’s behaviour and conduct. In Proverbs HOKMAH is always life-skill: the ability of the individual to conduct his life in the best possible way and to the best possible effect’. On some occasions, the word HOKMAH can simply describe a particular talent or gift given to an individual by God, as, for example, to Bezaleel et al., who are endowed by God with special skill to enable them to build the tabernacle, Exod. 31. 1-5. Similarly, of sailors and shipbuilders in Ezekiel chapter 27 verses 8-9. And so on.
Only the Creator of the universe knows its source, and He gives it to those who fear Him, Job 28:23-28. Wisdom is personified in Proverbs chapters 1 to 9, where HOKMAH expresses the attractiveness of wisdom, and the need to embrace it for oneself. It is available without restraint, (cf. Jas. 1. 5), and, unlike a written text, it speaks powerfully to individuals, (cf. Luke 11. 49).
*GREEK WORD FOR WISDOM*
In the Septuagint (LXX), HOKMAH is translated mainly by the Greek word SOFIA. Greek culture is revealed in the idea of wisdom (cf. 1 Cor. 1. 22), hence the impact that Hellenistic literature had on the LXX translators. For example, in Daniel chapter 1 verse 17 LXX, we read that as far as the four children were concerned, ‘God gave them understanding (sunesin) and prudence (phronesin) in all learning and wisdom (sofia). Notice the clear distinction being made here between three forms of (Greek) discipline. Understanding, which has to do with general intelligence, prudence, which has to do with sound judgment, and wisdom, which Augustine once said ‘pertains to the knowledge of eternal things’.
In the New Testament, SOFIA is used extensively to describe both human and divine wisdom. Human wisdom is often set in juxtaposition with the wisdom of God. Paul highlights the fact that human wisdom is seen as folly in God’s eyes, because it could not reveal God, 1 Cor. 1. 20-21. God demonstrates His wisdom, however, turning human wisdom on its head by choosing those things that in the world’s eyes are foolish to put to shame those who profess themselves to be wise, v. 27.
During our Lord’s ministry, He claimed, by implication, that He possessed greater wisdom than that of Solomon, Matt. 12. 42, and Paul describes Him as the repository of the treasures of wisdom – the Greek word literally meaning ‘a place of safe keeping’ (cf. Colossians 2:3)
Since it is only God, the Creator of the universe, who knows the source of all true wisdom, then our Lord is, unequivocally, the wisdom of God incarnate.
*EXAMINATION OF COLOSSIANS 1:9 IN RELATION TO KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND WISDOM*
Colossians 1:9 For this reason also, since the day we heard of it, we have not ceased to pray for you and to ask that you may be filled with the knowledge of His will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding
GREEK TEXT:
Dia touto kai hemeis, aph en hemeras ekousamen, ou pauometha huper humon proseuchomenoi kai aitoumenoi hina plerothete ten EPIGNOSIN (Knowledge) tou thelematos autou en pase SOPHIA (Wisdom) kai SUNESEI (Understanding) pneumatike (Spiritual).
In Col 1:9, Paul prays for the Church at Colosse, that they "might be filled with the knowledge of his will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding".
Christian growth requires knowledge of God’s Word. A "little knowledge" leads us to a "full knowledge", which leads us to "understanding", and the final result is "wisdom". The Greeks had a basic word for "knowledge", and that is "gnosis". "Gnosis" could be described as simply a vertical list of facts. In 1 Cor 8:1, we find that "gnosis" by itself tends to "puff up", or make proud.
When God’s Word commands us to grow in "knowledge", the Greek word is "epignosis", or a "full knowledge".
Knowledge of God’s Word leads us to an "understanding", which is the Greek word "sunesis", which literally means "a flowing together of two rivers". "Sunesis" is a picture of two of our lists of facts merging together and our understanding becoming deeper and wider. In 2 Tim 2:7, Paul says "consider what I say and the Lord give thee understanding (sunesis)".
Knowledge and understanding leads us to "wisdom". The English word "wisdom" is a translation of the Greek word "sophia", meaning the application of knowledge and understanding. God’s Word does not tell us to pray for knowledge, understanding, or even faith, but in James 1:5 we find "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all [men] liberally, and upbraideth not (doesn’t fuss at us or find fault); and it shall be given him".
*PROVERBS 2:6 AND ISAIAH 11:2*
*PROVERBS 2:6*
MASOTERIC TEXT: כִּי־יְהוָה יִתֵּן חָכְמָה מִפִּיו דַּעַת וּתְבוּנָה
TRANSLITERATION: Kiy-y'hwäh yiTën CHÄKH'MÄH (wisdom) miPiyw DAAT (knowledge) ÛT'VÛNÄH (and understanding)
TRANSLATION: For Yähwè יָהוֶה giveth wisdom: out of his mouth [cometh] knowledge and understanding.
(For the Lord gives wisdom; From His mouth come knowledge and understanding [New King James Version])
ISAIAH 11:2
MASOTERIC TEXT: וְנָחָה עָלָיו רוּחַ יְהוָה רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה רוּחַ עֵצָה וּגְבוּרָה רוּחַ דַּעַת
TRANSLITERATION: w'nächäh äläyw rûªch y'hwäh rûªch chäkh'mäh (wisdom) ûviynäh (and understanding) rûªch ëtzäh ûg'vûräh rûªch Daat (Knowledge) w'yir'at y'hwäh
TRANSLATION: And the spirit of Yähwè יָהוֶה shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of Yähwè
(The Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon Him, The Spirit of wisdom and understanding, The Spirit of counsel and might, The Spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord [New kings James Version])
*HOW TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND WISDOM*
*To gain knowledge,* one has to spend time and effort to know things by reading, listening, seeing, experiencing, studying, and getting familiar with certain things. Without interest or passion, one can hardly acquire knowledge.
*To gain wisdom,* one has to have knowledge first, and then use conviction to make a good judgment out of that knowledge. Without strength, courage, and confidence to make a decision, one cannot gain wisdom. No matter how intelligent or knowledgeable a person is, if he cannot distinguish what is right or wrong, he cannot be considered as a wise person.
*To gain understanding,* one has to have both knowledge and wisdom first, and then put them into action. He has to know, make a choice, and then practice that choice he has made. Without practicing and executing one’s knowledge and choice, he cannot truly understand or realize them. In order to have wisdom, you have to walk your talk. You have to do what is right, not just know it or judge it.
*REAL LIFE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND WISDOM*
*Knowledge* can help you become more intelligent, earn higher school grades, have a more profitable business, have a healthier life, build lasting relationships, and survive most of life’s challenges. Knowledge is indeed a power which can make you stronger and more competitive in life.
*Wisdom* can help you choose to apply your intelligence, honor, profit, health, love, and strength the right way. In other words, wisdom is choosing to use your knowledge or power in a better way.
*Understanding* can help you become a more practical person. Since it is the ability to put your knowledge and wisdom into actions, it will help you walk your talk and achieve actual results. Understanding will help you execute your choice to apply your intelligence, honor, profit, health, love, and strength the right way.
*CONCLUSION*
WISDOM IS THE ABILITY TO JUDGE CORRECTLY AND TO FOLLOW THE BEST COURSE OF ACTION, BASED ON KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. WISDOM IS THE ART OF BEING SUCCESSFUL, OF FORMING THE CORRECT PLAN TO GAIN THE DESIRED RESULTS. ITS SEAT IS THE HEART, THE CENTRE OF MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL DECISION. Wisdom emphasizes understanding of ultimate things—such as life and death, God and man, righteousness and sin, heaven and hell, eternity and time. Wisdom is mental excellence in its highest and fullest sense. Wisdom is used frequently in the New Testament to describe the ability to discern and conform to God’s will.
Wisdom is the insight into the true nature of things. Knowledge is the mental possession of powers of perceiving objects, wisdom is the power of right reasoning concerning them and forming right decisions accordingly. It is the ability to make the right choices at the opportune time. The consistency of making the right choice is an indication of one's spiritual maturity. The prerequisite for this *“wisdom”* is the fear of the Lord (Pr 1:7ff).
KNOWLEDGE IS THE INTIMATE ABILITY TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC TASK OR FUNCTION. THIS CAN BE SEEN IN EXODUS CHAPTER 31 WHERE GOD HAD GIVEN MEN THE ABILITY TO BUILD THE VARIOUS FURNISHINGS OF THE TABERNACLE.
THE HARMONY BETWEEN KNWOLEDGE AND WISDOM IS UNDERSTANDING.
*BIBLIOGRPHY*
Brian Clatworthy. A Word for Today: Wisdom, Skill, Aptitude (Heb. Hokmah). Devon, England https://www.preciousseed.org/article_detail.cfm?articleID=3367. Retrieved July 26 2020
Bryan. What’s The Difference Between Knowledge, Understanding & Wisdom?. February 11, 2020 https://rootsandwingsmi.org/whats-the-difference-between-knowledge-understanding-wisdom/ Retrieved July 26, 2020
Jeff A. Benner. Wisdom, Knowledge and Understanding. https://www.ancient-hebrew.org/studies-words/wisdom-knowledge-and-understanding.htm. Retrieved July 26 2020
Royale Scuderi. What Are the Differences Between Knowledge, Wisdom, and Insight? https://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/what-are-the-differences-between-knowledge-wisdom-and-insight.html. Retrieved July 26 2020
Victorino Q. Abrugar .Knowledge, Wisdom, Understanding, and Insight: What are the Differences? https://inspiringtips.com/knowledge-wisdom-understanding-and-insight-what-are-the-differences/ Retrieved July 26 2020
Vine, W.E. Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words. pp. 346-348
What Are the Differences Between Knowledge, Wisdom, and Insight? https://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/what-are-the-differences-between-knowledge-wisdom-and-insight.html Retrieved July 26 2020
© Rev Utazi Prince Marie Benignus SFDPM
July 27 2020
Bryan writes: Imagine you will be running a half marathon and you know you must stay hydrated to finish the race. A piece of knowledge would be collecting the information that a half marathon cross country race is 13.1094 miles long. Another bit of knowledge would be to find out how many hydrating stations will or will not be present along the way.
Understanding comes into play as you are working out how to stay hydrated along the way. Based on the knowledge of how often hydrating stations are available, understanding would compel you to figure out how you are going to pack and carry enough water for the race to stay hydrated in light of how many stations exist or don’t exist along the way. In addition, if there are hydration stations along the way, understanding will figure out how often or when you will stop to hydrate. Do you use a combination of available stations as well as the water you decide to carry?
Wisdom would move on from understanding to actually training in similar conditions prior to the race to know how much water you will carry and will need to drink. Wisdom would apply and test its understanding to know at what mileage the hydrating stations will be present so you can stay hydrated, as well as having a topped off supply throughout the race.
Hopefully, this illustrates the difference between these three areas and how they work in unity to provide the end solution in a practical way.
*KNOWLEDGE* *Knowledge* is the accumulation of facts and data through studying, research, investigation, observation and even experiences. It’s being aware of something and having the details to know. People with “knowledge” are able to collect, remember, and access information. It is possible to have the knowledge, but unfortunately, have a complete lack of understanding and wisdom.
The Hebrew word for knowledge is דעת (da’at), which is derived from the parent root דע (da). The name of the Hebrew letter ד is dalet, from the Hebrew word דלת (delet) meaning “door.” This letter was originally written as in the ancient pictographic script and is a picture of the tent door. Each Hebrew letter has more than one meaning, and this letter can also mean back and forth or in and out movement as the door is used for moving in and out of the tent. The name of the Hebrew letter ע is ayin, from the Hebrew word עין (ayin) meaning “eye.” This letter was originally written as in the ancient pictographic script and is a picture of an eye. When these two letters are combined, the Hebrew parent root דע (dea), is formed, meaning “the back and forth movement of the eye.” When something is carefully examined, one moves the eye back and forth to take in the whole of what is being examined. In the Ancient Hebrew mind, this careful examination is understood as knowledge and experience on an intimate level.
An illustration:
Job 37:16-- Do you know (yada) the balancings of the clouds, the wonderous works of complete knowledge (dea)?
The verb ידה (Y.D.H) is derived out of this parent root and carries this same meaning of an intimate knowledge. This verb is commonly used in reference to the marital relations of a husband and wife (e.g Genesis 4:! And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain... Genesis 4:1)
Do you know God? Not in the casual sense of awareness, as implied in the English sense of knowledge, but in a close and intimate relationship? Read Psalm 9:11; 44:21; 1 John 2:3. All these talk about YADA, intimate union.
Also derived from the parent root דע (da) is the noun דעת (DA’AT), meaning “KNOWLEDGE.” The Hebrew word for knowledge is דעת (da’at), a noun derived from the verb ידע (yada) meaning “to know.” The idea of “knowing” in Ancient Hebrew thought is similar to our understanding of knowing but is more personal and intimate. We may say that we “know” someone but simply mean we “know” of his or her existence but, in Hebrew thought one can only “know” someone if they have a personal and intimate relationship.
*GREEK WORD AND MEANING OF KNOWLEDGE*
η γνώση (i gnósi)
γνώση (knowledge, cognition, awareness, learning, cognizance, sense)
γνώσεις (knowledge, lore)
*Greek Verbs for Know*
First, GINOSKO: signifies “to be taking in knowledge, to come, recognize, understand, or ”understand completely,” e.g.,…1 John 2:5, 4:2,6(twice), 7, 13; 5:2,20; in its past tenses it frequently means “to know in the sense of realizing;” the aorist or point tense usually indicating definiteness,… In the New Testament, ginosko frequently indicates a relation between the person “knowing” and the object known; in this respect, what is “known” is of value or importance to the one who knows, and hence the establishment of the relationship, e.g., especially of God’s “knowledge,” 1 Cor. 8:3, “if any man love God, the same is known of Him”; Gal. 4:9,”to be known of God”; here the “knowing “ suggests approval and bears the meaning “to be approved”; … The same idea of appreciation as well as “knowledge” underlies several statements concerning the “knowledge” of God and His truth on the part of believers, e. g. ,…1 John 2:3,13,14; 4:6,8,16; 5:20; such “knowledge” is obtained, not by mere intellectual activity, but by operation of the Holy Spirit consequent upon acceptance of Christ…”
Second, OIDA: “from the same root as eidon, “to see, “ is a perfect tense with a present meaning, signifying, primarily, “to have seen or perceived”; hence, “to know, to have knowledge of,” whether absolutely, as in divine knowledge,…or in the case of human “knowledge,” to know from observation, … The differences between ginosko and oida demand consideration: (a) ginosko, frequently suggests inception or progress in “knowledge,” while oida suggests fullness of “knowledge,”…(b) while ginosko frequently implies an active relation between the one who “knows” and the person or thing “known” … oida expresses the fact that the object has simply come within the scope of the “knower’s “ perception;…”
Third, EPIGINOSKO: “denotes (a) “to observe, fully perceive, notice attentively, discern, recognize” (epi, “ upon,” and ginosko).; it suggests generally a directive, a more special, recognition of the object “known” than does ginosko; it also may suggest advanced “knowledge” or special appreciation; …J. Armitage Robinson (on Ephesians) points out that epignosis is “knowledge directed towards a particular object, perceiving, discerning,” whereas gnosis is knowledge in the abstract.”
Fourth, PROGINOSKO: “to know beforehand,” is used (a) of the divine “foreknowledge” concerning believers, …(b) of human previous “knowledge,” of a person …”
Fifth, EPISTAMAI: “‘to know, know of, understand” (probably an old middle voice form of ephistemi,”to set over”)…”
Sixth, SUNOIDA: “sun, “with,” and oida, a perfect tense with a present meaning, denotes (a) “to share the knowledge of , be privy to,” …(b) “to be conscious of, “ especially of guilty consciousness,…”
Sixth, agnoeo: “‘not to know, to be ignorant”’
Seventh, GNORIZO: “signifies (a) “to come to know, discover, know,” …(b) “to make known,” whether(1) communicating things before “unknown,” …(2)reasserting things already “known,”…”
*Greek Nouns for Know*
First, GNOSIS: “primarily “a seeking to know, an enquiry, investigation” …denotes, in the NT, “knowledge,” especially of spiritual truth; …”
Second, EPIGNOSIS: “denotes “exact or full knowledge, discernment, recognition,” and is a strengthened for of gnosis, expressing a fuller or a full “knowledge,” a greater participation by the “knower” in the object “known,” thus more powerfully influencing him. It is not found in the Gospels and Acts. Paul uses it 15 times… out of the 20 occurrences;…”
agnosia: “the negative of gnosis, “ignorance, “ is rendered “no knowledge” …”
*UNDERSTANDING* *Understanding* is the capability and capacity to discern and make decisions about which aspects of the knowledge they have collected are true. Understanding is the ability to translate meaning from facts and to apply it. People with “understanding” are able to extract meaning out of information. Understanding is like a camera lens that brings the facts into focus and enables someone to produce principles.
The Hebrew word for understanding is תבון (tavun). It comes from the verbal root בין (biyn) meaning to “understand”. But the deeper meaning of this word can be found in a related verbal root - בנה (banah) which means to “build.” In order to build or construct something one must have the ability to plan and understand the processes needed. This is the idea behind the verb בין (biyn) and its derivative noun תבון (tavun), to be able to discern the processes of construction.
The Greek word for UNDERSTANDING is ΚΑΤΑΝΟΗΣΗ
As κατανόηση, it means understanding, comprehension.
As αντίληψη, it means perception, conception, understanding, notion, comprehension, realization
As συνεννόηση, it means understanding, concert, communication, collusion, entente, connivance
*WISDOM*
*Wisdom* is the understanding of the facts and principles and then providing the application as to what to do next. Wisdom is also being able to learn from past experiences and thus gain understanding of something. With this gained wisdom, they can choose not to make the same mistakes over and over again. Wisdom allows someone to evaluate what’s right, true and lasting. People that gain “wisdom” know what concepts or truths to apply in a given situation.
Those with wisdom know what actions to take next. They do the right thing in the given situation. In contrast, there are many who have great knowledge and understanding, but who consistently apply what they know wrongly. In other words, they may have the right information, but lack the wisdom to apply what they know!
The original word for Greek Lexicon of Wisdom is Sofia, transliterated Sophia, and pronounced sof-ee'-ah. Wisdom is an extremely important word in the Bible. Solomon speaks often of it. We see it in the New Testament. We learn in James 1:5 that if we lack wisdom we only need to ask of God and He will give it. Yet, we really spend little time analyzing this word and what it meant in an ancient Semitic culture.
Wisdom in a Biblical sense is so very much more than wisdom as defined in our English language. To us wisdom is simply knowledge, information and understanding. Yet, to the writers of the Bible wisdom was a relationship word.
It should be noted that WISDOM is feminine noun (Wisdom is female). For instance, Proverbs 8:1 says: “Does not wisdom call and understanding lift up her voice?”
Why is wisdom considered feminine? You can speculate as well as I can. Perhaps it has something to do with the fact that women are considered more spiritual than men. Or maybe it has to do with the fact that a woman is the one who gives birth to a new life and it is wisdom that gives birth to new ideas and insights in the spirit realm. Yet, many rabbis feel that it is because this is a wisdom that comes from an intimacy and knowing one’s heart as a wife is intimate with her husband and in that intimacy she knows and understand his heart as he does her heart.
*HEBREW WORD FOR WISDOM IS HOKMAH*
HAKAM means wise, sage, fit, skilled, experienced. HOKMAH means wisdom, skill, aptitude. HOKMOT means wisdom. The parent root חם (hham), meaning “heat,” is the root of the word חכם (hhakham) which means “wisdom.”
The Hebrew word for wisdom HOKMAH is used in the Old Testament to refer to ‘knowledge coupled with an inner quality that embodies a heart and life in conformity with the purposes and character of God’, Prov. 1. 2-6. Wisdom is not simply a theoretical concept or an intellectual pursuit, but underpins an individual’s behaviour and conduct. In Proverbs HOKMAH is always life-skill: the ability of the individual to conduct his life in the best possible way and to the best possible effect’. On some occasions, the word HOKMAH can simply describe a particular talent or gift given to an individual by God, as, for example, to Bezaleel et al., who are endowed by God with special skill to enable them to build the tabernacle, Exod. 31. 1-5. Similarly, of sailors and shipbuilders in Ezekiel chapter 27 verses 8-9. And so on.
Only the Creator of the universe knows its source, and He gives it to those who fear Him, Job 28:23-28. Wisdom is personified in Proverbs chapters 1 to 9, where HOKMAH expresses the attractiveness of wisdom, and the need to embrace it for oneself. It is available without restraint, (cf. Jas. 1. 5), and, unlike a written text, it speaks powerfully to individuals, (cf. Luke 11. 49).
*GREEK WORD FOR WISDOM*
In the Septuagint (LXX), HOKMAH is translated mainly by the Greek word SOFIA. Greek culture is revealed in the idea of wisdom (cf. 1 Cor. 1. 22), hence the impact that Hellenistic literature had on the LXX translators. For example, in Daniel chapter 1 verse 17 LXX, we read that as far as the four children were concerned, ‘God gave them understanding (sunesin) and prudence (phronesin) in all learning and wisdom (sofia). Notice the clear distinction being made here between three forms of (Greek) discipline. Understanding, which has to do with general intelligence, prudence, which has to do with sound judgment, and wisdom, which Augustine once said ‘pertains to the knowledge of eternal things’.
In the New Testament, SOFIA is used extensively to describe both human and divine wisdom. Human wisdom is often set in juxtaposition with the wisdom of God. Paul highlights the fact that human wisdom is seen as folly in God’s eyes, because it could not reveal God, 1 Cor. 1. 20-21. God demonstrates His wisdom, however, turning human wisdom on its head by choosing those things that in the world’s eyes are foolish to put to shame those who profess themselves to be wise, v. 27.
During our Lord’s ministry, He claimed, by implication, that He possessed greater wisdom than that of Solomon, Matt. 12. 42, and Paul describes Him as the repository of the treasures of wisdom – the Greek word literally meaning ‘a place of safe keeping’ (cf. Colossians 2:3)
Since it is only God, the Creator of the universe, who knows the source of all true wisdom, then our Lord is, unequivocally, the wisdom of God incarnate.
*EXAMINATION OF COLOSSIANS 1:9 IN RELATION TO KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND WISDOM*
Colossians 1:9 For this reason also, since the day we heard of it, we have not ceased to pray for you and to ask that you may be filled with the knowledge of His will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding
GREEK TEXT:
Dia touto kai hemeis, aph en hemeras ekousamen, ou pauometha huper humon proseuchomenoi kai aitoumenoi hina plerothete ten EPIGNOSIN (Knowledge) tou thelematos autou en pase SOPHIA (Wisdom) kai SUNESEI (Understanding) pneumatike (Spiritual).
In Col 1:9, Paul prays for the Church at Colosse, that they "might be filled with the knowledge of his will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding".
Christian growth requires knowledge of God’s Word. A "little knowledge" leads us to a "full knowledge", which leads us to "understanding", and the final result is "wisdom". The Greeks had a basic word for "knowledge", and that is "gnosis". "Gnosis" could be described as simply a vertical list of facts. In 1 Cor 8:1, we find that "gnosis" by itself tends to "puff up", or make proud.
When God’s Word commands us to grow in "knowledge", the Greek word is "epignosis", or a "full knowledge".
Knowledge of God’s Word leads us to an "understanding", which is the Greek word "sunesis", which literally means "a flowing together of two rivers". "Sunesis" is a picture of two of our lists of facts merging together and our understanding becoming deeper and wider. In 2 Tim 2:7, Paul says "consider what I say and the Lord give thee understanding (sunesis)".
Knowledge and understanding leads us to "wisdom". The English word "wisdom" is a translation of the Greek word "sophia", meaning the application of knowledge and understanding. God’s Word does not tell us to pray for knowledge, understanding, or even faith, but in James 1:5 we find "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all [men] liberally, and upbraideth not (doesn’t fuss at us or find fault); and it shall be given him".
*PROVERBS 2:6 AND ISAIAH 11:2*
*PROVERBS 2:6*
MASOTERIC TEXT: כִּי־יְהוָה יִתֵּן חָכְמָה מִפִּיו דַּעַת וּתְבוּנָה
TRANSLITERATION: Kiy-y'hwäh yiTën CHÄKH'MÄH (wisdom) miPiyw DAAT (knowledge) ÛT'VÛNÄH (and understanding)
TRANSLATION: For Yähwè יָהוֶה giveth wisdom: out of his mouth [cometh] knowledge and understanding.
(For the Lord gives wisdom; From His mouth come knowledge and understanding [New King James Version])
ISAIAH 11:2
MASOTERIC TEXT: וְנָחָה עָלָיו רוּחַ יְהוָה רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה רוּחַ עֵצָה וּגְבוּרָה רוּחַ דַּעַת
TRANSLITERATION: w'nächäh äläyw rûªch y'hwäh rûªch chäkh'mäh (wisdom) ûviynäh (and understanding) rûªch ëtzäh ûg'vûräh rûªch Daat (Knowledge) w'yir'at y'hwäh
TRANSLATION: And the spirit of Yähwè יָהוֶה shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of Yähwè
(The Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon Him, The Spirit of wisdom and understanding, The Spirit of counsel and might, The Spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord [New kings James Version])
*HOW TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND WISDOM*
*To gain knowledge,* one has to spend time and effort to know things by reading, listening, seeing, experiencing, studying, and getting familiar with certain things. Without interest or passion, one can hardly acquire knowledge.
*To gain wisdom,* one has to have knowledge first, and then use conviction to make a good judgment out of that knowledge. Without strength, courage, and confidence to make a decision, one cannot gain wisdom. No matter how intelligent or knowledgeable a person is, if he cannot distinguish what is right or wrong, he cannot be considered as a wise person.
*To gain understanding,* one has to have both knowledge and wisdom first, and then put them into action. He has to know, make a choice, and then practice that choice he has made. Without practicing and executing one’s knowledge and choice, he cannot truly understand or realize them. In order to have wisdom, you have to walk your talk. You have to do what is right, not just know it or judge it.
*REAL LIFE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND WISDOM*
*Knowledge* can help you become more intelligent, earn higher school grades, have a more profitable business, have a healthier life, build lasting relationships, and survive most of life’s challenges. Knowledge is indeed a power which can make you stronger and more competitive in life.
*Wisdom* can help you choose to apply your intelligence, honor, profit, health, love, and strength the right way. In other words, wisdom is choosing to use your knowledge or power in a better way.
*Understanding* can help you become a more practical person. Since it is the ability to put your knowledge and wisdom into actions, it will help you walk your talk and achieve actual results. Understanding will help you execute your choice to apply your intelligence, honor, profit, health, love, and strength the right way.
*CONCLUSION*
WISDOM IS THE ABILITY TO JUDGE CORRECTLY AND TO FOLLOW THE BEST COURSE OF ACTION, BASED ON KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. WISDOM IS THE ART OF BEING SUCCESSFUL, OF FORMING THE CORRECT PLAN TO GAIN THE DESIRED RESULTS. ITS SEAT IS THE HEART, THE CENTRE OF MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL DECISION. Wisdom emphasizes understanding of ultimate things—such as life and death, God and man, righteousness and sin, heaven and hell, eternity and time. Wisdom is mental excellence in its highest and fullest sense. Wisdom is used frequently in the New Testament to describe the ability to discern and conform to God’s will.
Wisdom is the insight into the true nature of things. Knowledge is the mental possession of powers of perceiving objects, wisdom is the power of right reasoning concerning them and forming right decisions accordingly. It is the ability to make the right choices at the opportune time. The consistency of making the right choice is an indication of one's spiritual maturity. The prerequisite for this *“wisdom”* is the fear of the Lord (Pr 1:7ff).
KNOWLEDGE IS THE INTIMATE ABILITY TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC TASK OR FUNCTION. THIS CAN BE SEEN IN EXODUS CHAPTER 31 WHERE GOD HAD GIVEN MEN THE ABILITY TO BUILD THE VARIOUS FURNISHINGS OF THE TABERNACLE.
THE HARMONY BETWEEN KNWOLEDGE AND WISDOM IS UNDERSTANDING.
*BIBLIOGRPHY*
Brian Clatworthy. A Word for Today: Wisdom, Skill, Aptitude (Heb. Hokmah). Devon, England https://www.preciousseed.org/article_detail.cfm?articleID=3367. Retrieved July 26 2020
Bryan. What’s The Difference Between Knowledge, Understanding & Wisdom?. February 11, 2020 https://rootsandwingsmi.org/whats-the-difference-between-knowledge-understanding-wisdom/ Retrieved July 26, 2020
Jeff A. Benner. Wisdom, Knowledge and Understanding. https://www.ancient-hebrew.org/studies-words/wisdom-knowledge-and-understanding.htm. Retrieved July 26 2020
Royale Scuderi. What Are the Differences Between Knowledge, Wisdom, and Insight? https://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/what-are-the-differences-between-knowledge-wisdom-and-insight.html. Retrieved July 26 2020
Victorino Q. Abrugar .Knowledge, Wisdom, Understanding, and Insight: What are the Differences? https://inspiringtips.com/knowledge-wisdom-understanding-and-insight-what-are-the-differences/ Retrieved July 26 2020
Vine, W.E. Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words. pp. 346-348
What Are the Differences Between Knowledge, Wisdom, and Insight? https://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/what-are-the-differences-between-knowledge-wisdom-and-insight.html Retrieved July 26 2020
© Rev Utazi Prince Marie Benignus SFDPM
July 27 2020
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